1 20 330 https://norwegianamericanhistory.org/digital-collections/files/original/a91c9f8f26883007babdfcf675ccee32.jpg 1b7e92b3d3533ccd8bbf1d9123de1ffa Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Olaf M. Norlie Papers (P0561) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context P0561 Description An account of the resource Select digitized materials from the Olaf M. Norlie papers (P0561) housed in the NAHA Archives. Olaf Norlie was an author, editor, educator, and clergyman. Funding to digitize was provided to the Norwegian-American Historical Association through the Minnesota Arts and Cultural Heritage Fund, a component of the Minnesota Clean Water, Land and Legacy constitutional amendment, ratified by Minnesota voters in 2008. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1925 Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context p0561_00485 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. p0561 Title A name given to the resource Letter from Olaf M. Norlie to Gynther R. Beito, 1928 December 15 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Norlie, Olaf Morgan, 1876-1962 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Beito, Gynther R. Description An account of the resource Olaf M. Norlie's letter to Gynther R. Beito. Language A language of the resource English Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1928 December 15 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright https://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/ This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s). Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Correspondence Text https://norwegianamericanhistory.org/digital-collections/files/original/8a81b10bfd9a45549080a9e77102495c.jpg 110cb1ac79b9754f309f5d77030f44b8 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Olaf M. Norlie Papers (P0561) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context P0561 Description An account of the resource Select digitized materials from the Olaf M. Norlie papers (P0561) housed in the NAHA Archives. Olaf Norlie was an author, editor, educator, and clergyman. Funding to digitize was provided to the Norwegian-American Historical Association through the Minnesota Arts and Cultural Heritage Fund, a component of the Minnesota Clean Water, Land and Legacy constitutional amendment, ratified by Minnesota voters in 2008. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1925 Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context p0561_00484 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. p0561 Title A name given to the resource Letter from Olaf M. Norlie to Johan F. Ylvisaker, 1928 December 15 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Norlie, Olaf Morgan, 1876-1962 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Ylvisaker, Johan F. Description An account of the resource Olaf M. Norlie's letter to Johan F. Ylvisaker. Language A language of the resource English Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1928 December 15 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright https://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/ This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s). Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Correspondence Text https://norwegianamericanhistory.org/digital-collections/files/original/fa5a047a0df46f8a8792025fba89ead2.jpg 9fb2295777423edf3e5a11fd51224b2f https://norwegianamericanhistory.org/digital-collections/files/original/68be7dbc7e0fd0f42a78a52e842a2e0e.jpg 6b9a823b56170e3874684a68b2bfe300 https://norwegianamericanhistory.org/digital-collections/files/original/92956226307d58e549a2f15c7ed4b6be.jpg b54c87972d1044b9fbbaa36b4c9d057c https://norwegianamericanhistory.org/digital-collections/files/original/23461e61a8fc5c5f8f63645a8b507156.pdf 1900cec3a6c1a84448bafb741f6a0a7b PDF Text Text ·iev. o. ,T. Yvale, Jono,-res sman of Minnesota, Room 474, Offioe Bld�., House o f 1'.lep!"eser.tatives, iashington, �.o. Dear -qev. Yvale:I t "!ank Jou for- your 1 etter of reoent date and am glad to no ta tl'-.at :rou are taking aho ld of the problem of seourin� a Re ligious Jensus of the u.s. po pulation in 1\:130 by adding a (uest ion "'Vhat is your o rruro h. membership or aff'iliation?t' to the regular deJennial oensus schedule. Today I 1."eoeived a oov., of· the Fotrt h ,Jensus of the ::itate of south Dak"ota taken in the '{ear 1925. rou will find the religious oensus items on pages 167 to 174. 7hat can be done in one state surely is po ssible in all of th e states or by all of the states. '1'hanking you for your interest and oo operation in this matter and with pe8sonal greetings, I a.� very s inoerely, �\ ) The National Origins ?rovision of the New Immigration Law. The National Ori� P(ovisiort {/t(.. ne .. �,,migration Lal) provides thc:,t the total amrnal quota for all countries shall be reducea. from 166,667 to 150,000 beginning July 1, 1928. We are not so much disturbed by the reduction of the quota as by its distribution b twe n the various nations. This Law is a hard blo1n at Germany and Scandinavia � � in favor 15f Great Britain, Italy ano. Russia. This Law was inspired by the fear that the American institutions were bein:; endangered and thct the so-called Nordic race was in danger of being outnumbered. A. Caminetti, Commissioner General of Immigration, said in his annual report in 1920: "Tne existence of a large element in some and a considerable per­ centage in others of the nations of �urop�, as well as in some countries beyond its boundaries, who do not believe in government, in the commonly accepted sense, representatives of which have avowed hostility to and advocated the destruction of ours, presents a situation that, though difficult, must be met from the standpoint of complete safety to our institutions. Unless there can be found a way to eliminate the Canger of the entry of this el�mcnt, it would appear that stron� resttictive measures are ,.1ecessary to c:.assure protection to our institutions and safeguard our peopleo 11 In order, then, to safeguard our people and the American institu­ tions the House of Representatives in December, 1920, with little oppo­ sition, passed a bill to suspend practically all immigration for the tii11e being. It should be remembered that in 1917 Congress had passed a seneral Im..r:.1igre.tion Dill which included the literacy provision over the President's veto. This literacy test was felt to be only a frail bar:.ii;;r against the Jromised ru.sh from tne war-stricken countries of .8urope. Hence, the 1920 bill. This 1920 bill, however, failed to be­ come a law because of.the veto of President Wilson. A new bill was therefo.,_·e or,acted, \,hi ch, '-Ii. th .c'resident I-Iardinb' s apJroval, became a law on I.w.y 19, 1921. 'l1his l aw ex)ired by limitation June 30, 1922; but by act of r.:ay 11, 1922, it s 1 ife was extended to June ::io, 1924. This act is ,c1own a& the -1:,�-ota Law and _;_s t1�e f'j_rst strictly irrrr·1igration law in U1e U�1i ted States Hh_;_ch provides for actually lii.:itin-:; the number of aliensi other than Asiatics, who may be 'amitted to the United States. In 1924 a new Irru.:..igration Act was passed, also kno,,n as tne Quota Act, 1J hich in its section A provides that the annual quota of any nation­ alit:r shall be 2% of the number ol foreign born indivliduals of such nationality resident in continental United States, as determined by the United States CensQS in 1890. In section B of the 1924 act, there is a provision that the annual quota of any nationa lity for the f'iscal yeEr beginning July 1, 1927, and for each fiscal year thereafter, shall be a number which bears the same ratio to 150,000 as the number of in­ habitants in continental United States in 1920 havinc that national ori­ bin bears the number of in.habi ta 1 ts in continentc.l United Stutes in 1920. Tnis is knovm as the Nat .i.onal Origins Plan. It did not 6 0 into effect on July l! 1927. Congress by special and independant action o:�rln.,:; t1 1e last session, postponed the operative date of this plan for one ye2r. Tl1is lfatiom•. l Origins _')lan shot1ld be repealed, as it Viorres injustiue and hard�hips both to the Scandinavian and Gerr1.ans im�1 i.ignnts and to the A.:1erican people, 1.1hom this Immigration Act aL.s to )rotect_ �It l'eo.uees the nurnoor of hn1igrants fl''om Scandlnavir1 ancl Gerwany far 01:1t of proportion to the character of these peoples. In 1 922 when the first uot& l v; wei:it ir_itor effect, G,er:r,.any was alloHed 68,0 59 irnr..iigrants � ,, 93 8, o:i. Vinom 5,694 were as.:,i '.)·ned to Den 07, per yec1�r and .:icand1nav1a mark! 12,202 to I_:ornay, 20,042 to Sweden. In 1925 Hhen the )resent irnrni­ rat on l�v: vr�s 1n effect, the Gen:.c1an quota was red.v1.ced t O 51,227 and �he 0cand1nav1a ; t� 18,803 , of ho� 2,789 were Danes, 6,453 were Norwegians � ,., . u.nd 9, ti61 were � ...;\,eaes. By t::ie � -·,·•at10:r.:al - � o1,1·-bn 1·ns La\'"J t'ne uerrnan • quota is ._ • still further reduced to 2::5, 428, a.he �c&ndinavian to 6 570 ,• , f . hom 1,0 4L: are alloted to Demnark, 2 ' 267 to 1\orwav ana" 3· 25'o to �;::,wevd1- en. ,J , , .., -2The present lav1 which is section A of the 192 4 Immigration Act, as already stated, is baseel on the immigrant population in the United States in 1 890 , and is ,rabably as fair an act as can be devised. Harry .ii:. Hull, Cornrn.issioner General of Immigration, says in his annual report for 192 7 concernin_z this section that the rtforeign and general quality of imr.-:.igration resultin6 therefrom is rhore satisfactory than the quantity and quality of any iL1rnigrc:;__tion reported in the three decades prior to 19 21. This basis, 11 he said, "certainly should not be tam�ered with." But according to the National Origins Plan, which is to become a 2.aw on July 1, 1 928, the inmigra tion from Scandinavia and Germany will �be �re& .Y r�cluced,; �hat of ?ermany to 4550 of its present quota; that of Scandinavia to 35%0 On tile other hand the quota o::" England, Italy, nussia, Austria and I.ungary have doubled by the National Origins pro­ vision. X0 It can be shown, it has been shown, that the National Origins tables used by Congress are unscientific, incorrect and misleading. The Scandinavians and Germans have been irw:r:.igrc: ting in great numbers to this contry during the century that is passed and fo:cm a much more considerable element of the American population than the National Or�g�ns �ables ad.mi t. T1?-is has been Jihown in an article on National , Origins in the'Lutheran Horld Almanac for 1928, vrhich was quoted in full in th�\Congressional Becor� for January 17, 1928. On the basis of National Origin then, the quotas assigned to Scandinavia ano. Gerrrany by the National Origins Provision is too small. Again, the aim of the new irnmigra tion 1 aw being to conserve the Nordic stock and the Americe;.n ins titutions defeats itself when it turns against the Scandinavians and Germans, for these two groups in race, language, history, ideals, customs and institutions are closer to the original settlers of the United States in America than any other immigrant peoples, outside of Great Britain itself. If anything, they are more Hordi c than the �ngl ish speaking race. '.l'hey have the same love for home and liberty, the same respect for religion and law. They are God-fearin._3 and law-abiding, hard-working and. thrifty. They easily learn the :}.anguage of the land and make the ideals of Arnerica their own. In fact, they held these ideals before the� came here, and they have enriched this land in innumerable ways by their Christian idealism, patriotic devotion, sacrificing toil as fronttmrs men, unswerving loyalty in peace and war. They represent the most literate countries in the world, the most enlightened religion and the richest contributions to civilization and culture in every field. They came �1.ere with strong bodies, willing minds, loyal he2.rts to make America their home. It is hardly right to classify them with the various classes of 1L1clesirables, 91 such as the criminal, pauper, defective and diseased.'l)In proof of the high character of the Scandinavian and German peoples in America, we beg to quote from a few authoriti es on this question: Norli(!s "Histor y o f t��e Iforwegian People in Am.erica," page 81 to 88, on th e Germans, Swedes and Danes: ,.. -··"" The Germans( Accordin,; to Douglas Campbell, A. B. Faust, �- A. Ross, and J !, R. vonm1ons and the census reports, every fourth white per­ son in the United States is a German. The Germa ns came here early-­ there was a 1 'German--'11yrker--along with Leif Erickson inthe yesr 1000. There were Germans along with the Dutch, and the first governor of New Netherlands was Peter Minuit, a German. William Penn shrewdly mixed business with religion. In his trip to the Rhineland in 1677, he made converts and induced them to buy land in Pennsylvania, the first baml reaching German town in 1683. Francis II of France used harsh mea­ sures against the Lutherans in his realm. He employed every refinement of cruelty, such as, burnings and hangings as after dinner entertainment for the laciies. This led to an exodus of Lutherans. Most of them came to ...�erica. Angry at the Germans and J)utch for shelter inc:; his hunted subjects, Louis XIV of France invaded the Palati.nate which became the scene of French fire, pillase, rc:.pine and slaughter. 'I1he people were expected. to change their reli3ion to suit �heir rulers. -0-t the.,:,same time they were forbidden to emigrate on pain of death. Tired 0.1. these long-endured miseries, the French and German Lutherans, under the pro- i I J., I �-3tection and aid of Jngl--nd, cc:.. me to Am.crica: They settle� in New York, Pennsylvania, 11rarylancl, Virginia, the Cc.rolinas ai:id G��rgia • Pen� syl ­ vanie esoecially attracted them, on account of �hie� i0 has been called the German-Americsn's Hol y Land. In 1790, 176,707! or.�.6% of the peo­ ple in the United tates had Gerra�n_surnames: _Durin_; ·c11e pas� 100 years , economic rec:.sons � they have cor!1e to A'TI.erica for religious, pol l ti cal ano. • Between 1839 and 1845 many Lutherans left their �atherl and because they resented tr..e attempts of their leaders to unit� the Lutherans and Re­ formed faiths. Here in America their conservatism in doctrine and prac­ tice has created the Missouri and Wisconsin Synods ind the Synodical Conference. The chief reason why Germans have come to America has been the economic one--America neec.eo. men to open up the West and America paid better viages than did Germany. When Germany began to develop her o:r n industries, the migration from Germany·began to fall off. Over 90% of the Germ an irnmigrants have come L·om the poorer classes, nho settled on the frontiers and norlced in the humbler stations in the cit.:..es, f'ac­ tories and mines. Politico.l exiles, who came here after the revolutions of 1830 and 1848, were mainly from the upper classes. Among them were university _)r ofessorf, professional i::ien, journalists, and aristocrats, who have been influential in creating a sentiment for German culture, political idealism, social radicalism and religious skepticism. 'l'he great body of Germans have been God-fearing, lau-abidinc, harC-work:ing and thrir'ty, loyal to this country in war and peaee. They have been rather slow to give up the German lanO'uage and VIays entirely, but this is no evil trait, and America has richly gained thereby. 1'he Germans have given America, not only willing workers on farms and L1 factories, but large contr_,__butions in education, science, music, art anc relie_;ion. The German is of close kin to the Jnglishrnan and the Scandina­ vian; originally these peoples were of the sc:1ne race and language. .'--ie had the same spirit and. ideals as they. l<'rom the time of 8harl ogagne Germany has been rather too much uncier the inf l uence of Rome, on account of \;hich the real Teutonic spirit as sho.:n by the Nor\'le6ian Vikings, has at times been suppressed. It broke out in Luther and the Refo_·ma tion, but not as completely as in Scandinavia and Great Britain. Hence 40% of Germany is still �oman Gatho­ lic. The Germans make good neichbors and excellent citizens, but they have never taken a leading part in politics io the extent of furnish­ ing the cotj.ntry nith its chief executives. "In the colonia l �)eriod, 11 says John :!. Burges1:,,"almost the entire western border of our country was occupied by Germans. It fe1H to th0m, therefore, to def _;nd the c:-i lonists from the attack of' the :?rench and Indians.u Had it not been for Germans like Conrad Weiser this country might still have been �rench instead ol' Jn...:,lish. The Germans were the first to protest against ...:::n-.:;lish misrule. 1.1ashill8ton had a German body­ guard. Baron Steuben and Peter r.:uhl enberg were two of Washington's most trusted generals. The first speaker of the House of Representatives was F • .M.: Tluhlenberg. The first protest against human slavery on American territory was made by Germans at Germantown, April 18, 1688. Lincoln seems to have had a German ancestry, his family name being Linl:..}iorn. Thirt:v per cent of the soldiers in the Union Armv wer1;;. German, although �at th;t - t i·11e the Ge rmans compr i s e d l e s s than 20% of' the p eo p l e . Tn f' i r s --c t e n Amendmen t s to the Fe deral C o ns t i tut i on prov i d i ne for rel ig i o us f r e e dom and o ther na tura l ri ght s , hav e the i r r o o t s in the Ge r.mah Refo rma t i o n . In the rec ent rtor l d War wh en ne arly a ll the pS'wers of the w orl d fough t agai ns t the i r Fa the r l and , German-Amer i c ans were l oya l to the Uni ted S t a t e s desp i te a propaganda of susp i c i o n and unc a ll e d f o r pe rs e cut i o n . e The Swede s The Swedes and �ane s are i n ra c e , la ngua3e , hi s t ory , cust oms , i'.-� l igi on�· e\ c . , mo r e l ike th e Norw eg ians than any o f the o the r p e op l e s in Ame ri ca . The y have a s a rul e o c cup i ed the same s e c t i on of the country , worke d at the s·ame t ask:s , been e qual ly s uc c e s s ful . They have b e en on cood t e rms , o f t e n working hand in hand . I n church ma t t e r s , fo r ,,. ,,. -4 - e xamp l e , the re ha s been much c o op er a-c i o n . Of the No rweg i an men who do no t t ak e Norweg i an g ir l s t o v1 i fe , 5 5 . Jj ma rry Swedi sh g ir l s , ¾ 0 . 8Jt marry Danish , 4 o 5,% marry F i ni:1 i sh , 8 . 5% marry German , and 1 4 . 81a marry Br i t i sh and Canad i a n , whereas only 6 . 3,% marry non -Teutons . Of the No r,-1 eg i an women vzho do no t t ake Norw eg i a n me n as husgands , 52 . 4% marry Swede s , 18 . 0% marry Dane s , 2 . 6,% marry Fi nns , 8 . 6% ma rry Gerrnans , 1 2. 9¾ marry Bri t i sher s and Canadians , wh ereas only 5 . 5% marry no n- Teuto ns . No ians , then , s e em t o be c lo s er t o the Swede s and Dane s than Ttohe any rweg of: the i r o t her ne ighbors . 'l1his i s , a t l e e. s t , the c as e w i th the f i rst genera t i on , concernine; whi ch the s e s t a t j_ s t i c s apply . �The Svrndes in Ameri ca, as also in Surope, ar e as nume rous as both the i'Jorvr ng ians and the Dane s put tog ether. Sw� den was one o� the tf great 3urop e an powers i n the 17th c e ntury, and her k .:- 1: 8, Gu � t� vus .n.dol­ ohus c elle d the "Lion of the North t ' and the 0 Snor, King ", intended to comp�te w -'- th J ngland. and Holland in the c olon ization of the New �'.fo rld . But the re was b e i ng wag e d at that time a most b i tter and bloody � trug­ gl e , the ·Thirty Years ' War :i betwe en the Catholi c and Protestant r orc es i n Ge rmany. The Swedish k i ng t.1ok his army into Ge rmany ancl saved .?:c otestant ism, although at th e pri c e of his ow n lif e , for he was k ille d at the Bat tle of Ltttzen in 1632 . It was not until 1637 that the plan to establish a colony in Ame r i ca could be tal<:en up in e 0.rnest, and, unfortunately/ it had . soon t? be a ? a� doned : . 1'1:1,� f i rst e <f? e d � tion of Swe des to reach Am eric a arrive d QT, .t.' Ort CnrisT,ina ( nou. W::.lmington ) , Delaware, i n March, 1638 . The west bank of th� Delaware as f ar north as 1)hiladelph i a was at onc e bfought of the I ndians; forts, cb.ur ches_,, and othe r bui ldi ngs we r e e r e cted and ar:uang ements were made for f armi ng, tradi ng with the I n di ans and doi n5 miss ionary vrork amon� the m . New Swe den, as the colony w 2,s c alle d, was to include .Jelaware, New Jersey, and parts of' l\::aryland and Pe nnsylvan ia. I n 1655 the Dutch made war on these pe a c e able ne ighbors and la i d clai m to the territory . In 1664 the �ngl ish took possession of the land. rrea nwh ile the Swedes developed the i r colony as best ti1ey could undor Dutch and .1£n.e;l ish suprema cy, and llt&re in many respe cts the fi nest of' the e arly colonists . The y issue d an e d i ct of toleration the very f irst y ear of th e ir stay, and were, in f act, wi th the exc epti on of Pe nnsylvani a, the only c olony that pra ctis e d tolera­ tion . The y w e re the f i rst to tr e at the Indians f a i r ahd square and to try to Christ i an ize the m. When Hill i am P e nn i n 1682 sai le d up tµe Delaware lookrlmg for a site f o r a c ity, he chose a spot whe r e stood a Luthe ra n chur ch a nd a Si,; e dish village . · The Swedes had b e en there almost f i fty ye ars wne n he arr ived a nd took pessession . H e calle d the village Philadelph ia . Two of the e2.rly Swedish c hur ches are still st and ing, the v/ilmi ngton, dati ng from 1699, and the Glor i a De i Chur ch, i n Philadel­ ,h ia, dat i ng from. 1700 . On July 4, 1 776, the Liberty Bell was rung by a member of the Luther21-n Chur ch. ·The fi rst Anu r i c an flag was mc:1, de by Betsy Flos s and the wor.:1. e n of the Swedish Glor ia De i Church . Betwe en 1642 and 1779 Swee.en sent to th is c olony 41 pastors o Afte r the Revolu4t i onary Vlar the miss_:_ onaries w e r e ra called ahd the •>1 iscopal Church gradually took over al 1 the Luthercm cong regations ail the earl y Swe des as the ir 'f_ brothers, and on vz. rious oc casions the Indians state that they w e re un­ l i ke the r1hi te people of V i rg i nia, ''who alvrnys shoot the Red man dead whe n they f i nd him i n the woods. " William Penn sa id of them : "They have f ine childre n and &lmost every house full ; rare to f ind one of them with­ out thre 0 or four boys and as l'.aany girls ; some six, seven and eight soas. And I must do them right-- I se e few young me n mor e sober and industr ious . " In the c olonial per iod ,John Hanson, a Maryland Swe de, was the f irst presi­ de nt of the nuni ted States i n Congress assemble d, n and John J\1orton, a P ennsylvania Swede, was one of the S idners of the De clar&ti on of Inde o e n­ denc e ., J. Fe nimore C ooper, the novelist, was of comb i ned Engli sh and­ Swedish desc e nt . The Swe d.es of nore re c ent immig ration have all t:h:.e good qu�l iti e s of the settlers onthe Delawar e and have made good in ma ny con­ spicuous ways . The country still talks rif f Jenny L i nd and Chr istina 'I-, Ni ljson, Swe dish singers who sojourne d i n A.ine r i ca for a se ason. The c oun­ � ry w ill not _ soon forget the servi c es of John Gri csson and John A . � ar.ilgren du � 1 ng the C i v � l ', far . E : i csson was the i nve ntor of th e Honi tor, F r 1mac, and JJahlg ren was \,h � ch de "l." eate � tl: e 1..e the inventor of the Dahl15oren � 't. gua. Thes e two inve ntions revol�ion ized naval warf are . 9 itiz ens of Swed i sh lin eag• e hav e contri'b·ute d · i·n grea t shar e to '-I t�e .r mat erfiPirl progre ss of Ame r i c a and have ma de v�luable ad dit ions to its �-5- r 1 2 , 0 0 0 , 0 0 0 acr e s . e d � nd cul t iva t e d o v e cu , l tur al l i � e . Th e y _ hav e � 1 et ar l1.P t o t al c u l t iv a. t e d ar e a . They g a ve l 2 o 5% of l a nd , a l i t t l e ov er _ 4%o War . On the �� th; Uni t ed S�a t e s i n the Do r ld p f t h e i r _ t o t � l p ol iu �:���� a l � t i e � i n c lud i ng t he na t iv e - bo rn , ha d c ont r i •• u. ' . • same b a s i s , i f a . ul d hav e t o tal e d ieh , n out e d an e qual shar e , o ur a �m� � � du �� � 0 0 ; ���r:�e s and c o nt ri b ut e d mo r e u O , T�!� 1�:;� ta �han �� ny o the 1; na t i �nal i ty � . Th�y hav � a g o o d s l ; � � �g�;�� sr��� :- s t s , � nv e n��r � a�a �an uf ac -�r e cord as authors , e d i t o rs , n�1a i e 1 an s , ar! ng s i x o�': e r o x Th e y hav e he l d many p o l i t i c ,3 1 o fr i c e s , i n c, lucu f tue e r s 11 b� Ge o rg e .c i � c :i , sh i p s . • In an art i c l e u nder Jf!:1e a a:pt:ji o n 111'.:i 1nne s wo tr �i � e s i n p ar� a s . r � l l o s � co r igh t.e d lim 1 9 1 2 by the 'f�.ob e , n the aut 1or e a� 0 s t f eat in r c i_t i � e n ab;�.t Gov . J o hn .\ . Johns o n : "But Mi n ne so ta '· s gx:- x D e mo crat i e: •o rodu c i n6 w a s Jo hn ;_ . Jonns o n , wh o 11 o ul ci hav e m 7 e � . up,Mi�he sot a mou � n s �1.n C;e v � i l he had r c onv e nt i o n i n Ba l t imo r e mo r e than e v e g a nd _ wi l l _ n tra��i n i s � so John e mor 1oopoo h i s d e D th s i n c e r e l y , but nas ◄ l iv � � in ye t pr o duce a pre s i d e n t o f that mune . n Thoma s :.. . Ba�ar (J. , wno ha d th ­ Swe e a Swe di sh communi ty , s ai d i n 1 888 , at t he 2 5 0 th a n n iver s ary o f . n e e b s ha di sh irmnigra t i o n : u r :em.ke bo l d t o s ay tha t no b e t t e � � t o ck � contribu t e d ( in pr o po r t i on t o i t s nwnb e r s ) tmmrds g i v i ng a s o l Clld ?1:l s 7 s 1a.w , t s ne o h , hardy e - a o 1 d1 ng , to s o c i e ty und e r r e publ i can forms , th an th e s Go d- f e ari ng Swedi sh s e t t le r s . " ----7 �he D a ne s �ompp i s e a � e la t iv e l y �mal� group , �h e �r t o t al numb e r b e ing o nly abo u.t 1.% o f tne wrnte p o pu l a t i on i n th e Uni t e d Stat e s . Th e y ran k in p o int of numb e rs e l e v e nth among th e whi t e rac e s i n Ame ri ca , the G e rma n s be i ng N o . 1 , the .i.:: ngl i sh Ho . 2 , the Iri s h Ho . 3 , th e C a nadi an s Ifo . 4 , th e Au s t r i a - Hu near i ans N o . 5 , the : u s s i an s N o . 6 , the I t al i an s No . 7 , tho Sw e de s N o . 8 , th e S c o t ch N o . 9 , the N o rw e g ia ns N o . 1 0 , the Dan e s No . 1 1 , the .Ju t ch N o . 1 2 , the We l sh No . 1 3 , t h e M e xi ­ cans H o . 1 4 , the :2'r ench No . 1 5 , e t c . Whi l e th e Scandi nav ians ar e f o und i rla l l part o f t he Un i t ed Stat e s th e Y. are no t di s t r i bu t e d ev e r ynhe r e i n tlie s ame pr o p o r t ion . In the e ight l� e v: �ngla11d and r.�i ddl e At l ant i c St a t e s , f o r exama l e , the fo re ign- bo rn S c andi nav i ans in 19 2 0 w e re di ­ tr i but e d a s fo l l�ws : Dane s 1 6 . 7% , No rw eg ihns 1 2 . 1 % , Sw e d e s 24 . 2% t In th e 16 Southern States f or tha t year 2 . 8% o f the Dane s w e r e l o ca t e d , 1 - �% o f t he Norweg ians , 1 . 9% o f t h e Sw e e. e s . I n th e e l ev e n Mount c i n an d Paci f i c s tat e s vi.e re t o tl e fo und 2 5 . 2% of the Da n e s , 18 . lf of the Ifo rw e ­ g i a n s , an d 1 7 . 5% o f t he 0w e d e s ; a na in the t� e lv e No rth C e nt ral , al s o c&l l e d H o rthvr e s t er n , s t a t e s w e f i nd 6 5 . 3% of th e Dane s , 68 . 3,t o f the Norw e g ia ns , and 5 6 . 4% o f the Sw e de s . As to the ranki n6 s t at e s , Cal i ­ fo rni a ha d 9 . 9% of the Dane s , I o wa 9 . 5% and I l l i n o i s 9 . 0 % ; hli nne s o ta had 24 . 8,% N o rw e g i a ns , �/i s co ns i n 1 2 . 5% , N o r th Dako t a 1 0 . 5ft ; tii nn e s o ta ha d 1 7 . 97{ Swe d e s , I l l i no i s 1 6 . 9% and New Yo rk 8 . 5% . 1 The Dan e s were e arly i n t e r e s t e d i n Ame r i c a . I t w i l l b e re ­ ne mber e d tha t i(i ng Chri s t i an I o f Denmark s e nt · th e John S c o lvu s e :..:pe ­ di t i o n t o Ame r i ca i n 1 47 6 to di s cov e r th e 11C o d F i sh C ount ry . n In 1 5 68 ✓ K.ing Fr e de r i c k I I s e nt an expe di t i o n t�i' i nd Gr e e n l a nd , am� af t er tha t vari ous p ar t i e s w e re s e nt i n 1 6 0 5 , 1 607 , 1 612 , 1 6 5 2 , 1 6 53 , 1 6 54 , e t c . I n 1 7 2 1 Hans Lg e d e , a l1Jo rvrngian p a s tor , was s e nt t o Gre e n l and to t ak e up mi s s io nary wo rk , an d i n 1 61 9 the IJo rw eg ian c ap t ai n J e ns tiunk was s e nt by King '.Jhri s t ia n IV t o f i nd th e IJor thw e s t Im, s s age ., Mun•k r e ­ di s c o v e r e d th e Hudso n Bay , o n ly e i gh t years af t ein Huds o n h ims e l f an d took po s s e s s i o n of J anada nafl.ing i t N e 1il D e nmark . He had along a ' Luthe ran pas tor , J. e v . �a smus Jens e n (Aarhus ) , who w a s the f i rs t Luth e ran. p as t o r in Ame r i c a . In 1 72 4 :CCin_c;_ Fred e r i ck: IV s e nt Vi tu s B e r i ng o n an e xpl o r i ng / �e xpe di t i on , 1hi ch r e s -:..i.l t e d th e (.._ i s cov e ry of t he B e r i ng S s i a and Ifor th Ame r i c a . I n i n 1 7 3 3 Denmark boue;ht t he V i rgi n t ra i t b e t w e e n the We s t I ndi e s from Fra nc e I s l and s i n , and i n 1 9 1 6 th e s e J s la nd s Un i t ec... S t a t e s 9 wer e so l d t o th e I t ha s b e en c la may b e , i t i s c er t a i n thaime d tha t H e nr ik Hud son was a Dane . How e ver t ha t the llu ds o n Ri v er , wh i ch het the r e wer e Da n e s vri th h im wh e n he di s c ov e red a t tha t t ime cc ll e d l.Iaur we re many Da ne s i n tho se i t i us Fl od e n . Th er e da ys th at ma de th e t r ip be t we Ind i e s and De nma rk a nd en th e Da n i sh \le s t ma ny who w e r e i n th e ·s e He nrik Chr i s t i ans en , rv e c i o f ilol la nd . C ap t a i n &l l a nd in the y ears f o r i n s t anc e , made t e n t r i p s be twe en llew 1 6 1 1 - 1 6 14 . In 1 6 1 4 he w as ki l l ed by hi Yo rk ahd s fr i e nd , t h e - 6- • Tndi an chi e f Orso n at F� . Nas s au . There w e r e mahy p romin � nt Dane s in the :Jut cn co lony at r, ew Yo rk, · e rha o s the mos t not e d o r the s e was Jonas Bre n e k ' whos e name i s •. o�roe t;a t e d i n Bronx Borou:;h of 1 - and n e w Yo i�k ' B ro nx r a� r �'" B ro nxv i J:l l e -• Bronc le c am e t o New Yo rk i n 1 6 3 9 and d. i e d i n 1 64 .J • .t-\.no �t h er �D an e v: ho ha s· c5 i v e n 1:u· s narn,. e t o a se c t io n of our coun t ry vms Y e t e r L � s en w ho i n 18 41 found e d th e "" ir s t "'J erman e nt Ame r i c an s e t l eme n � n ·c a1 if o rn i a . I-lt . Las s e n , th e � nly v; l cano i n the Uni t e d � t a t e , . nam;d af t e r him ; a l s o La s s e n S s Count y , C al ifornia , Las s e n Pas s and 1 � a s s en ; s B i g Mead o w s o f F e athe r 7. ' �ane s were d i s t i n c t i'Qie i n Washi ng t o n ' s army and i n al l s {-t, but t e ::cmake � the more re c ent w ar s . The Dani s h farme r s , � a i rym: n ;1:d. t covr- t e s t ing s r 1 .1. are famou s i n thi s l and . The f i rs t c re ame r i e s , t.ne l a n o � r'? e s c,�� e , as s o c i a t i o n , the f i rs t co - operat ive dai ry : f � rming 1 t 1 ze 1:s11ip c ood g of s e 1 t 1 were e s t ab l i s hed by Jan i sh fa rmers . Qual s wa th f o n o i t i cog e ; . s � � 1: � iv e n b y ar e highly dev e l o p e d in the � ane the as s i Ri acob J nd e i r f s hi to ng i rr fe e r n i The o do re Ro o seve l t of New ums l s the n i vrnrker ial c so a r1as s i Ri 1 1 . n ze i t i c can 'o e � t J,r.1e r i i ng Mak The tt nd a n s e Yo ;k , �ncl i s the autho r of 1 1 Hovr the Other Hal f Liv 11 of an An1e r i can . The who le bo o k of 602 page s i s about the No rweg i ans ; he nc e , no g e neral q_uo tat i o n i s made . I t was writ t en _ i n honor '? f the C e n � i ch l e f t Nor\,,, ay t e nnial o f the c omi nr/ of the s lo o p "Re s t aurs.t 1o n en " , wn on July 4 , 1825 and �e ache d New Yo rk on O c t ober 9 , 182 5 , wi th f i f � y ­ . lower sh ip thre e p as s e ngers o n bo ard . Th i s ha s be e n ca l l e d the 1'.1ayf of t .ne No rweg ian p eo p l e , al though the Norweg i ans hav e b e en c oming t o Amer i ca s i nc e the y ee.r 87 6 i f w e i n c lude Gre e nla nd as a p3. rt o f Ame r i c a and s i nc e 1000 i f w e i nc lude Vinland a s a part of A.rne r i ca . The se i,i>l o op e r s , 1rshoul d be no t ed , have no w i ncr e as e d to a band of about 1200 p eop l e , but in all the i r hi s tory of 100 years , no t one �l o o p e r ha s b e � n a paup e r and no t one ha s b e e n put in j a i l , Thi s i s a remarkabl e re cord and i t i s t yp i cal o f the Sccrnciililnav i an s anc. Ger ­ r:1ans i n .Ame r i c a . G . w . Sherman i n the nvangua rd 11 , S t . Loui s , Nov . 1 1 , 19 1 1 , mai nt a ins tha t th e c rimi nal s in the Uni ted S t at e s are the so ns o f the immigrant s and our crL.e i s due t o t::1. e fore ign popula t i o n wh i ch we mus t d i s s i mi la t e . "Alas , 11 he s ays , "350 of the s e Ameri can bo rn youth of f o r e ign pa rent age land in jai l s to one Amer i can b o rn of Ame r i can parent s . " He is e s _.ie c ial ly c o n c e rned about the Scan di nav ian as b e i ng a c r imi nal popul at i o n , but on bas i s o f the Uni t ed S t a t e s C e nsus bul l e t i n npr i so ners and ,Juv e n i l e :Vel i nque nts in I ns t i tut i o ns , 1 9 0 4 " w e f i nd 'that whi l e 25 . 8% o f the f o re ign bor n po.po.la t i o n i s Germa� on l y 12 . 3% of the fo re ign bor n pri s one rs are Germa 7- and whi le 10 . 3,% of fore ign born popul a t i o n i s S c andanav ian , only 4 . 9( of fo re ign born p r i s oners are S cand i nav ians . If#I-lfr . She rman ' s ds t at i st i c s " are authent i c , then we mi 3ht exp e c t to fi nd one out of e ight e e n o f the fore ign born i n pr i s o n , but on the co nt rary , we f i nd only o ne o�t o f 1 3 , 1 39 Cjf.:. the irrn,Ligran t s from }40 rthe rn Europ e , i n pr i s o n , wher e a s one out of fl,l:Jo-J na t ive born .Ame r i c an was i n pr i s o n . 'l'he r el ig ious he rfil­ t ag e and l�y!l s t &ndards o f the p eople fron no rthe rn Europe brogght w i th them f rom the o ld coun t r i e s s erves th em w e l l i n the ir adop t ed land . �v en h ere they are a God - f eari ng and la w - ab i di ng p eop l e . In 11 The Book of Ame ri ca ' s Mak i ng Expo s i t i on , 1 9 2 1 n unde r the aus p i c e s o f New York C i ty and New York S tat e dep artme n t s of educ at ion , w e read the f o l low ing about the Germa ns a nd Scandi nav i ans : ,. Tfo;. t. ,....,,,_,,.,.... 'The great gif t"s o f Ge rman immig rant s to .A.me r i ca are s c i e n c e and m1:- s i c • . IJever t?-'1 e l e s s th � y hav e ha d a n il.1por t ant sha r e i n bui ldi ng up tln s nat i o n . From C o l o n i al d""' ys the s e J\.mer i cans have e n tered i nto our i ns t i tut i o ns and hel d a pla c e in our hi s t o ry . They r eg i s t e r e d the f i rs t pro t e s t aga i ns t s lav ery and won fo r tne pre s s a f r e edom unknown b e fore th e i r effort s i n the mi ddl e o f the 1 8th . c e �tnry . Ge rman im.,1ig r.::,nt s he l p e d t0 s e t t l e the r.:i dc.cl e ;Je s t and i n th � :i far \t e s t t1i �Y w e r � p mcimae r s who bore the brunt o f many a n Indi«Jl �aia . In the _ �vo lu � 1 o nary Wi.E Ge rman s e t t l e r s gave di s t i ngui shed g � ne ral s t o t11.e s e rv i c e of Wash i ng t o n . The famo us 11•··:-0 1 1 i· e .c-::i 1• t cne , r wa"'u · 1• n ana. he o f Ge·-,m .1. 1a n o r1g r bra very was tv ., p i-· c a 1 . �-7I n t he C iv i l ',7ar the German i c el ement in Un i t e d S t a t e s was i,,1portant in bring i ng up the Ant i - Slavery b al a nc e and in s t e ady i ng s e nt iment i n border s ta t e s . Many p io ne e r i ndus t:tre s were opened up by Germ� n imm� gra nt s , such as 1 p ape r manufa c tur i ng , i r � n foundr i e s , g l a s s _ blow 1 n� a na _ � he _ ol ant s vi1h ::.. c11. were fo rerunner s or our great s t e e l mi l l s . I.Jan� inven t i oDs w hi ch re sul t e d i n improv ed pro c e s '- e s were made by Am er i cans of German de s c e nt . German i nf lue nce on e ducat ion i n thi s count ry is unque s t i oned , the k inde rgar t e n and athl e t i c s are t wo d e f i n i te add � t ions � o � he ? ri ­ g i nal sys t em of )Ub l i c educat i o n . A great many ar t i s t s , d i s t i ngui sl:1.e.d i n p a i nt ing,' and s culp ture , are o f Ge rman o rigi n . O the r Ame r i c an s , eng i ne e rs , 'journal i s t s and s t a t e smen who s e anc e s tors came f rom Germany.., hav e made great g i f t s to Ameri c a . But the great e s t of t he ir cul t ura l cont:ih bu t i o e r e mus i c , vhi ch hav e infl ue n c e d Amer i c a p ro f oundly . : � ' k 1' ng may b e s ai' d• t o h av e Daru ,::m. par t i:c i pa t i· on i• n .t-1AJ-_11er 1• c a ' s Iv1a �� been inaug J.rat ed by the vyorld- f ame d Dani sh s eame n and such f amous e x­ plorers , as J e ri:s Lfunk anci Vi tus Beh 1:' i � , the f i rs � of who� was t � e _ di � cov ­ erer of Huds on Bay and Hudson St ra i t in 1 6 19 , whi l e Behri ng ' s tnr i l l i ng exp l o rat i o ns l e d him t o the coas t o f Al aska dur i n,5 the beg i nning of the ldth c entury . Dan i sh of f i cers and me n s e rv e d w i t h di s t :L n c t ion in Washi ng to n ' s Army . Jonas Bron ck , who gave h i s name to the s e c t i o n of New Yo rk cal l e d t h e Bronx , and Pe t e r Las s e n , who founded the f ir s t p ermanent s e t t l ement in 8 al i fo rnia , s e rv e as good examp l e s of the early �an i sh s e t t l ers i n Amer i ca . The real i nflux o f D an e s began dur i ng the mi ddle o f the 1 9 t ¥ C e ntury . '.'Ji t h ·:i s c ons i n as a c ent er , the Da nish farme rs , da i rymen and carp e n t e r s g radual ly spr e ad throughout the We s t and lvii ddl e We s t , whe re by hard ,1ork and mo ciern methods they deve loped. huge tra c t s o f un inhab i t ed land into pro spe ro�s communi t i e s . The f i r s t creamer i e s , the c ov� t e s t i ng as Llo c i at ion , th-.; f i rs t co op e r �0 t iv e da i ry f c: rninc:; on a large s c a l e were e s t abl i shed by Dan i sh f e.rme rs . ✓ �ua l i t i e s o f good c i t i zenship are hig�ly developed i n th e Jani sh rac e . Re cogni t io n o f this '\'las g iven by The o dore B.oos eve l t i n r e f e rr i ng to h i s f r i e nd , Jacob J::i i s , as t1 Th e be s t Ame r i c an c i t i zen . " Int e L. e c tu­ al ly anQ art i s t i c al l y , Dan i sh cul tur e i s exemol i f i e d i n Ameri c a by many proff:b s ional men , s c1.,1.l p tors anc� a rt i s t s o f :Jani sh de s·c e nt . :;T��J�r Nor s e adv e nture and di s covery (bo the pr e s e nt , the s eafar ing a c t i v .i. ty 0 .1 t he rfo r .. e g i a ns ha s k ep t them i n touch i: i th Ame r i c a . Over a hundre C.:. y ears 2,50 the fi rs t la rge @roup o f Norvrng i ans c ame t o thi s coun t ry . Nov; the r e are se t t l ed he r e about ha l f a m i l l i o n Ame r i can s b �� n i n Norway , wh � l e � ome thi ng ! i ke fou4n i l l ions _ of p_ eop_ l e ar al l generc'. t i. ons trace the i r l ine ag 0 t o i,a rway . -� h� l f of' � he 6 a i nful ly employed No rweg i ans are e ng ag e d in agr i. cul ture ana al l i e d food-pro duc i ng i ndus t r i e s . They wer-e p ione e r s in the riri d:i.l e '!e s t and Nortl;.u e s t ern S t z, t e s . Tlley c le ared and cul t ivated this s e c t ion . Th e J e r c en t ag e of f :.....rm o vmers and. operator s arno n0c· thi s group i s ti:ie hiche s t o f any e t:-.:.n i c Group i n .Amer i c a . �As se afar� r s they hav e al so entered into .Am e r ica ' s e conomi c l if!e and ar e repr e s entec: in l a rge numbers in ship ::i i ng and ma r i n e occupat • ons on the g r eat lak e s. i s t1e r i e s, as a r e l a te d industry in v;h i ch Norvrngian de scendants exce l , clairr: l arge numbe rs of them o n the Paci f i c C o ast and i n Alaskan wate r s. In th e f i sh-packing i ndu stry Norwegi 2.11s ifu o are large ly repre s e nted the r e i n have contr ibute d sp e c ial methods of packing nov1 gene r a l l y adopted . Lumb e r i ng , th e sl<:i l l ed trade s and mach i ne shops co unt many o f· the s e Ame r i can s amo ng the i r wor ke rs. Thos e foremost i n the J? ro f e s sions of eng i ne e r ing, a r chi tecture and othe r techn ical prof e s s i ons ' inc lude the s e v i go rous p e o p l e. _ J. .J -8 - Sports ancl mus i c hav e b e en cont ibuted to .A me r ica by immigrants from No rv, ay. Sk i ing , int roduce d by them, has become a popular Ame r ican sp o rt. Sing i ng soc i at i e s and mus i ca l o r gan i zations f lour i sh in al l centers whe r e people of Norwegian l ine age pr ec�omi nate . The e xhibit of Amer i cans of Norweg ian l i nea.!j?;e dep i cts the i r pa int ing sho�i S � he i mp ? rtant p a r � i n q�e shipp i nd of this count ry . _ of -r;he 1r ar1.' 1val of L�f Er 1K_son on the s e shor e s . nie mode r n a spect seamanship i s inter·preted by a be aut iful mura l show ing Norvrngia n s 8i lors �alon'J' our c o a s S o A third mural rep r e s e nt s farmi ng in the Iforthw e s t . Gro u� e d aro.:i.nd t :1e s e c entral i deas 2.re ms. ny r e l i c s and. hi s t or i cal ob j e c t s o c �i!n-f'�f�h l i ne age have cont r i bu t e e,._ i n great share t o th e r:ia t e r ial gro·ir th and p rogre s s o f Atne r i c an and hav e m ade valuab l e adu i t o ns to i t s s p i r i tua l and cul tura l l i f e . c v Fo r tno hunc.:r ed and e i c;hty - thl"Ge ye ar s they have forme d an in­ Lnportan t part of wh::1. t f i nal ly be c ame §he . me ri can n � t ion . anu t eJr::.�l They have b e en pr omi ne nt in i t s po l i t i c al f i f e during the C o lo n i al per i o d and always hav e f o s t er e d re spe c t for law and order and e x e r t e d a who l e s ome i nfluen c e for goo d gov e r nment . The i r re cor ds as s o l di e rs , sai l o rs an d of f i cers is surpa s se d by none . Soms o f our le adi ns educ ato rs and s cho lars , and many o f our for emos t s c i e nt i s t s and inv e ntors are of Swedish orig in . The mus i c of our land has b e e n greatly enri ched by tho s e p e opl e , who he l p e d greatly to improve gene ral mus i cal t as t e . 'j_'hey have advan c e d s culpture an6 p ai nt i ng , made many c ont r i but i o ns t o the i ndus trt al art s , and i nf l uenc e d our arch i t e c ture . Swe d i sh de s c e ndan t s hav e c l e ared and c ul t ivat ed ov e r 12 , 000 , 000 acres of land , and they hav e e s t abl i sh e d 2 , 000 churche s and. a l arge num­ b e r of s choo l s , char i tabl e i ns t i tut i o ns and b e ne f i c i al anc. so c i al w e l f are so c i e t i e s . The y hav e publ i she d hundreds of ne wsJapers and thousa.nds of books , and , l ik e the i r an c e s tors i n Sw e de n , spend more on educ a t i on p e r cap i t a than de s c endant s of any o the r nat io na l i ty . The y have i ntroo.uc e d new i de a s into c er t a i n �ran che s o f our s cho o l c urri cul a , e s pe c i al ly an em�ha s i s on manual t raini ng . Gymnas ­ t i c s i n the Ameri c an Army and in many o f our s cho o l s are founded o n Swed i sh t he o r i e s a n d h ave b e en ably taught by a large nwnbe r of ins truc ­ tors o f Sw ed i sh e x t ra c t ion . Me chano ther �py , \fuich ha s g rown to such impo r t anc e , was introduc ed into thi s count ry unde r Sw e d i sh insp ira t i o n and ha s b e e n largely fos t e re d b y men and r:ome n of Swe d i sh extra c ti o n . I n the exhibi t of Amer i c ans of Swe d i s h l i ne ag e tJ:w e e l i ne s of a c t iv i t ie s are emphas i zed : Swedish s e t t l eme n t s in D e l aware , the defense of thi s c ountry and mod e rn f a rming me tho ds i n the Northwe s t . The s e thr e e ide as a r e il lus t ra t e d b y large mura ls , o n e ach wal l s Ll:°c rounded by painted portra i t s of i �o rt ant and famous A.meri c ans of Swe d i s h l i ne ag e . The f e s t ival of this group includes gymnas t i c s , s i ng i ng by uni t e d s o c i e ­ t i e s and fo lk danc ing . 1 1 Of the many books.s deal ing wi th t he sp l endi d chara c t e r of the G e rmans and S c and inav a ins as c i t i zens of t h e Uni t ed Stz, t e s the fol lowing are typi c al : L Ro s s : Commons : Bur r : Parx : Pe.rk: : Jenks & Lauck : Fai r chi l d : Dav i s : S t epannso n : Gari s : The O l d Wo rld i n the New , 19 14 . Rac e s and Immigrant s i n Ame ri c a , 19 20 . Amer i c a ' s Rac e He r i t ag e , 1 9 2 2 . O l d Vlo r l d Tra i t s Tran spl ant ed , 19 2 1 . The Immigrant Pre s s and I t s Contro l , 1922 ,, The Immigra t i o n Pro b l em , 1 9 2 2 . Immig ra t i on , 1 9 2 3 . S e l e c t i v e Immigra t ion , 1 9 2 5 . H i s t ory o f Ame r i c an Irim1igrat ion , 1 9 2 6 ,, Im.migration Re s t ri c t i on , 1 9 2 7 . �v e ryon e o f the s e book s i s e nthu s i as t i c i n i ts p ra is e a b out the German s and S c and ina vi ans and lie ap ,. s up. evi. den c e upo n e v i den c e as to �-9 - the sterling character, the eic e l l erit work, the invaluable cultu ral co ntributions and ready assima.lation o r these p eo p l es with the ori­ ginal Americ a.r/sto ck . • Ro ss says of the Germans in America that "their c ontribution to . fre edom of thought has be en invaluabl e. !! 11 At the ou.tbreak of th e C iv i l Har the Ge rmans w i th their deep detestatio n of slavery played no smal l ro l e. About 200,9 00 Germans enlisted in the Union Army, mor e than the r e w e r e of Irish vo lunte e rs, although the Ir i ih were mor e numerous an the population in the l oyal states . They are industrious and thrifty, honest and stagl e . 11 Of the S candinavians Ross says : " In point of literacy th ey l e ad the world. " ' �t may be true that every Sunday No rwegian is p rea ched in mor e chur ches in .Ame rica than in No rway, stil l no imr,ligrants of foreign spe e d\ assi·nilate so quickly as the �ians. Among them the spirit of se l f-improvement is very strong . �o othe r foreign born peopl e respond so qu.ick ly to night scho ol op,ortunities. Our id eas and institutions hav e pot been chang ed by the ir aoming. '.Y'nat they hav e done is to quic ken our in­ te rest inthe lite rature ,of the North and to win for it adademic re c ognition. In the wotds o f a Minnesota school man "they are the best i_) e opl e in the sta;'e to ap) r e c iate eduction, to want it impr oved. " In similar wo rds, repl ete with il lustrations , do the Jther autho rs in th�-abov e mention ed list speak . Th0 lrmnigratio n "°rnm.ission in 1 910, in its volurnino tJ.S repo rt on the LmJigration from 1820 to 1910 announc e that during the ninety ye ars f rom 1820 to 1910, the Ge rmans' turLished 5 ,351,746 immigrants to the United States , which is the largest numbe r coming f ro m any sing l e country/ although the United Kingdom as a whol e furnished 7 ,75 6,330 0 This report spe aks very hig� of the Ge rmans as it does of' th e Sc c.ndinavians . They ar e cl ose kinsman. I t should b e borne in mind that t he German and S candinavian imr�igrants to the United States have, as a rul e , sett l ed in the �)io n e e r se ctions of the c ountry and the y have today a greater p e r centage of the ir numb er on the farms than any other pe opl e. Also, th ey are tho most progressive o f the Am erican f arme rs . In addition to th ese books which incid e ntal ly deal with the , Ge rmans and the S candinavians the r e are many other pretentious books whi ?h gi;: e a g � eat deal about th e co ntributions of these people to the making 01 Ame ri ca, as for e xampl e : Faust : S chraeder : Vig : Rasmussen : Anclerson : Norlie : Johnson : No"1.ius : Su. � .,;. ; c:,l,,.,..,t ,...t. n The Ge:.0 man El eme nt in the United States. The Germans in th e Makins of .Ame rica. The Danes in Ame rica. The Danes in Ame rica. First C�1.apt e r o f N o rnegian Imrnic;ration. Hismcb ry of th e Norwegian ?eop l e in Ame rica. 'l'he Swedes in America. History of Swedes in America ;i,-.- Mo... tl. , . , t,, <f�_t.!�.cJ.� A- �"''k:'-J- .4,... .c,, ;.1-t, . KJ:•"f< I #�,H � H Iii,,,·; "n.,.� I 1 /f, /'; ,.,, (, � '" t '1·'<1 .),J:.+-:_,o.t 1Je, �h�ret ore, �e�i c �n cit i zens, h er�uy attach., ournames as protesting the enactment of the Natio nal Ori� : ns Pro vision as unfair and urge our S enators an d C on�ressmen to vo te for ti1 c reoeal of this L � n be � o r _e i t go � s into effe ct July 1, 1 928. Vie support - th e re com1.1end a­ tion 0 1 the C orm :1ssio ner of Imrnigration that the p resent quota ctistribu----� (!,:e.,,• .,,. /.. t'tct'iJ\,,'- I -�� ,a, �t i on , based on the censu.s of 1890 , be ret a in ed , and that no f u:Ffher measures o f reduct i on of tho German and Scandinavi an quo tas be passed by Congress. he charac t e :r 'F1 c o n L r i bu ,� i o rnJ i- r1.a i, i n " -�'he Lu � 1 8r[.;,n ;o rlJ. I , � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Olaf M. Norlie Papers (P0561) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context P0561 Description An account of the resource Select digitized materials from the Olaf M. Norlie papers (P0561) housed in the NAHA Archives. Olaf Norlie was an author, editor, educator, and clergyman. Funding to digitize was provided to the Norwegian-American Historical Association through the Minnesota Arts and Cultural Heritage Fund, a component of the Minnesota Clean Water, Land and Legacy constitutional amendment, ratified by Minnesota voters in 2008. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1925 Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context p0561_correspondence_02 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. p0561 Title A name given to the resource Letter from Olaf M. Norlie to O.J. Kvale, 1928 May 4 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Norlie, Olaf Morgan, 1876-1962 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Kvale, Ole Juulson, 1869-1929 Description An account of the resource Olaf M. Norlie's letter to O.J. Kvale. Language A language of the resource English Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1928 May 4 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright https://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/ This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s). Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Correspondence Text https://norwegianamericanhistory.org/digital-collections/files/original/0a1106172b81b249e4e708bfeb4e4a75.jpg 083c8df43463a195757ccca2f38978e4 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Olaf M. Norlie Papers (P0561) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context P0561 Description An account of the resource Select digitized materials from the Olaf M. Norlie papers (P0561) housed in the NAHA Archives. Olaf Norlie was an author, editor, educator, and clergyman. Funding to digitize was provided to the Norwegian-American Historical Association through the Minnesota Arts and Cultural Heritage Fund, a component of the Minnesota Clean Water, Land and Legacy constitutional amendment, ratified by Minnesota voters in 2008. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1925 Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context p0561_00468 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. p0561 Title A name given to the resource Letter from Olaf M. Norlie to Oscar L. Olson, 1928 April 26 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Norlie, Olaf Morgan, 1876-1962 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Olson, Oscar L. Description An account of the resource Olaf M. Norlie's letter to Oscar L. Olson. Language A language of the resource English Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1928 April 26 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright https://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/ This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s). Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Correspondence Text https://norwegianamericanhistory.org/digital-collections/files/original/6c673bb5c3a59b3a5b41eb189a830280.jpg 1aaf92256d493720bfe0067065864946 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Olaf M. Norlie Papers (P0561) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context P0561 Description An account of the resource Select digitized materials from the Olaf M. Norlie papers (P0561) housed in the NAHA Archives. Olaf Norlie was an author, editor, educator, and clergyman. Funding to digitize was provided to the Norwegian-American Historical Association through the Minnesota Arts and Cultural Heritage Fund, a component of the Minnesota Clean Water, Land and Legacy constitutional amendment, ratified by Minnesota voters in 2008. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1925 Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context p0561_00467 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. p0561 Title A name given to the resource Letter from Olaf M. Norlie to Oscar L. Olson, 1928 April 26 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Norlie, Olaf Morgan, 1876-1962 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Olson, Oscar L. Description An account of the resource Olaf M. Norlie's letter to Oscar L. Olson. Language A language of the resource English Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1928 April 26 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright https://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/ This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s). Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Correspondence Text https://norwegianamericanhistory.org/digital-collections/files/original/c774ddd1369cd982c1e098cc9660dd9c.jpg 5a932fb33cb28df9fc27605ad7aadd15 https://norwegianamericanhistory.org/digital-collections/files/original/ad8bc46c41223ffd6a00db5a83200ebb.jpg 8d3b504da69f31ea113d11da1ac336a6 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Olaf M. Norlie Papers (P0561) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context P0561 Description An account of the resource Select digitized materials from the Olaf M. Norlie papers (P0561) housed in the NAHA Archives. Olaf Norlie was an author, editor, educator, and clergyman. Funding to digitize was provided to the Norwegian-American Historical Association through the Minnesota Arts and Cultural Heritage Fund, a component of the Minnesota Clean Water, Land and Legacy constitutional amendment, ratified by Minnesota voters in 2008. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1925 Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context p0561_00465 p0561_00466 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. p0561 Title A name given to the resource Letter from Olaf M. Norlie to O.J. Kvale, 1928 April 24 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Norlie, Olaf Morgan, 1876-1962 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Kvale, Ole Juulson, 1869-1929 Description An account of the resource Olaf M. Norlie's letter to O.J. Kvale. Language A language of the resource English Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1928 April 24 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright https://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/ This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s). Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Correspondence Text https://norwegianamericanhistory.org/digital-collections/files/original/1431f8c261ef6378259cf94c9000cdf1.jpg 4add2d558cfdd0cf2427f0e045357ce2 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Olaf M. Norlie Papers (P0561) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context P0561 Description An account of the resource Select digitized materials from the Olaf M. Norlie papers (P0561) housed in the NAHA Archives. Olaf Norlie was an author, editor, educator, and clergyman. Funding to digitize was provided to the Norwegian-American Historical Association through the Minnesota Arts and Cultural Heritage Fund, a component of the Minnesota Clean Water, Land and Legacy constitutional amendment, ratified by Minnesota voters in 2008. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1925 Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context p0561_00464 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. p0561 Title A name given to the resource Letter from Olaf M. Norlie to G.B. Joergenson, 1928 March 9 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Norlie, Olaf Morgan, 1876-1962 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Joergenson, Gustav B., 1883- Description An account of the resource Olaf M. Norlie's letter to G.B. Joergenson. Language A language of the resource English Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1928 March 9 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright https://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/ This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s). Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Correspondence Text https://norwegianamericanhistory.org/digital-collections/files/original/58e540716b10995358e694ff5ec12377.jpg b921c3bce5a6662a338e6bb784c63d88 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Olaf M. Norlie Papers (P0561) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context P0561 Description An account of the resource Select digitized materials from the Olaf M. Norlie papers (P0561) housed in the NAHA Archives. Olaf Norlie was an author, editor, educator, and clergyman. Funding to digitize was provided to the Norwegian-American Historical Association through the Minnesota Arts and Cultural Heritage Fund, a component of the Minnesota Clean Water, Land and Legacy constitutional amendment, ratified by Minnesota voters in 2008. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1925 Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context p0561_00463 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. p0561 Title A name given to the resource Letter from Frank T. Fackenthal to Oscar L. Olson, 1928 February 22 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Fackenthal, Frank T. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Olson, Oscar L. Description An account of the resource Frank T. Fackenthal's letter to Oscar L. Olson Language A language of the resource English Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1928 February 22 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Copyright Undetermined http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/ The copyright and related rights status of this Item has been reviewed by the organization that has made the Item available, but the organization was unable to make a conclusive determination as to the copyright status of the Item. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Correspondence Text https://norwegianamericanhistory.org/digital-collections/files/original/5214f0ef4cd0813b01a585fe807cfa68.jpg cfb140c385eadcb66545c02c1afffc4f Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Olaf M. Norlie Papers (P0561) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context P0561 Description An account of the resource Select digitized materials from the Olaf M. Norlie papers (P0561) housed in the NAHA Archives. Olaf Norlie was an author, editor, educator, and clergyman. Funding to digitize was provided to the Norwegian-American Historical Association through the Minnesota Arts and Cultural Heritage Fund, a component of the Minnesota Clean Water, Land and Legacy constitutional amendment, ratified by Minnesota voters in 2008. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1925 Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context p0561_00462 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. p0561 Title A name given to the resource Letter from G.B. Joergenson to Olaf M. Norlie, 1928 January 30 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Joergenson, Gustav B., 1883- Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Norlie, Olaf Morgan, 1876-1962 Description An account of the resource Gustav B. Joergenson's letter to Olaf M. Norlie. Language A language of the resource English Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1928 January 30 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright https://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/ This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s). Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Correspondence Text https://norwegianamericanhistory.org/digital-collections/files/original/0d0f1b541e85637cec6c8a52bf631900.jpg bee2a66eab99e48cc75fe505bd869b7c https://norwegianamericanhistory.org/digital-collections/files/original/94591d54fc209ca94e60e6f829f87cf4.jpg d1e9f8ec8e1021d64b899e591565f49c Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Olaf M. Norlie Papers (P0561) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context P0561 Description An account of the resource Select digitized materials from the Olaf M. Norlie papers (P0561) housed in the NAHA Archives. Olaf Norlie was an author, editor, educator, and clergyman. Funding to digitize was provided to the Norwegian-American Historical Association through the Minnesota Arts and Cultural Heritage Fund, a component of the Minnesota Clean Water, Land and Legacy constitutional amendment, ratified by Minnesota voters in 2008. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1925 Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context p0561_00460 p0561_00461 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. p0561 Title A name given to the resource Letter from G.B. Joergenson to Olaf M. Norlie, 1928 January 8 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Joergenson, Gustav B., 1883- Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Norlie, Olaf Morgan, 1876-1962 Description An account of the resource G.B. Joergenson's letter to Olaf M. Norlie. Language A language of the resource English Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1928 January 8 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright https://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/ This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s). Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Correspondence Text https://norwegianamericanhistory.org/digital-collections/files/original/78d9dba7c3d155001221bade02870e93.jpg b2c3d1aaa50708cae1b0722f5ca7964f Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Olaf M. Norlie Papers (P0561) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context P0561 Description An account of the resource Select digitized materials from the Olaf M. Norlie papers (P0561) housed in the NAHA Archives. Olaf Norlie was an author, editor, educator, and clergyman. Funding to digitize was provided to the Norwegian-American Historical Association through the Minnesota Arts and Cultural Heritage Fund, a component of the Minnesota Clean Water, Land and Legacy constitutional amendment, ratified by Minnesota voters in 2008. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1925 Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context p0561_00459 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. p0561 Title A name given to the resource Letter from Martin S. Reppe to Olaf M. Norlie, 1927 December 27 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Reppe, Martin S. Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Norlie, Olaf Morgan, 1876-1962 Description An account of the resource Martin S. Reppe's letter to Olaf M. Norlie. Language A language of the resource English Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1927 December 27 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Copyright Undetermined http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/ The copyright and related rights status of this Item has been reviewed by the organization that has made the Item available, but the organization was unable to make a conclusive determination as to the copyright status of the Item. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Correspondence Text https://norwegianamericanhistory.org/digital-collections/files/original/3d41fc2518fcc33645896f6fce7284ba.jpg 2a604751168ab54b2de5f4e1f7ace601 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Olaf M. Norlie Papers (P0561) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context P0561 Description An account of the resource Select digitized materials from the Olaf M. Norlie papers (P0561) housed in the NAHA Archives. Olaf Norlie was an author, editor, educator, and clergyman. Funding to digitize was provided to the Norwegian-American Historical Association through the Minnesota Arts and Cultural Heritage Fund, a component of the Minnesota Clean Water, Land and Legacy constitutional amendment, ratified by Minnesota voters in 2008. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1925 Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context p0561_00458 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. p0561 Title A name given to the resource Letter from O.J. Kvale to Olaf M. Norlie, 1927 December 10 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Kvale, Ole Juulson, 1869-1929 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Norlie, Olaf Morgan, 1876-1962 Description An account of the resource O.J. Kvale's letter to Olaf M. Norlie. Language A language of the resource English Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1927 December 10 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource No Copyright - the United States http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/ The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Correspondence Text https://norwegianamericanhistory.org/digital-collections/files/original/3b751f700287cd477478b8b7cfe9fadf.jpg 9478112784cb205892d22072d4ee0923 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Olaf M. Norlie Papers (P0561) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context P0561 Description An account of the resource Select digitized materials from the Olaf M. Norlie papers (P0561) housed in the NAHA Archives. Olaf Norlie was an author, editor, educator, and clergyman. Funding to digitize was provided to the Norwegian-American Historical Association through the Minnesota Arts and Cultural Heritage Fund, a component of the Minnesota Clean Water, Land and Legacy constitutional amendment, ratified by Minnesota voters in 2008. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1925 Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context p0561_00457 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. p0561 Title A name given to the resource Letter from Olaf M. Norlie to Carl Krug, 1927 August 18 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Norlie, Olaf Morgan, 1876-1962 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Krug, Carl Description An account of the resource Olaf M. Norlie's letter to Carl Krug. Language A language of the resource Norwegian Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1927 August 18 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright https://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/ This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s). Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Correspondence Text https://norwegianamericanhistory.org/digital-collections/files/original/95c7b5d597ae0fe950e694b50d7f775c.jpg 740f26698fc4a87c03441e07108d2a89 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Olaf M. Norlie Papers (P0561) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context P0561 Description An account of the resource Select digitized materials from the Olaf M. Norlie papers (P0561) housed in the NAHA Archives. Olaf Norlie was an author, editor, educator, and clergyman. Funding to digitize was provided to the Norwegian-American Historical Association through the Minnesota Arts and Cultural Heritage Fund, a component of the Minnesota Clean Water, Land and Legacy constitutional amendment, ratified by Minnesota voters in 2008. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1925 Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context p0561_00456 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. p0561 Title A name given to the resource Letter from Olaf M. Norlie to G.B. Joergenson 1927 August 18 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Norlie, Olaf Morgan, 1876-1962 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Joergenson, Gustav B., 1883- Description An account of the resource Olaf M. Norlie's letter to G.B. Joergenson. Language A language of the resource English Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1927 August 18 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright https://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/ This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s). Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Correspondence Text https://norwegianamericanhistory.org/digital-collections/files/original/d1bd27ed981b1bf6a88474b00124e769.jpg 5402469df5d3bc23a2b7eedc826fc4fa Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Olaf M. Norlie Papers (P0561) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context P0561 Description An account of the resource Select digitized materials from the Olaf M. Norlie papers (P0561) housed in the NAHA Archives. Olaf Norlie was an author, editor, educator, and clergyman. Funding to digitize was provided to the Norwegian-American Historical Association through the Minnesota Arts and Cultural Heritage Fund, a component of the Minnesota Clean Water, Land and Legacy constitutional amendment, ratified by Minnesota voters in 2008. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1925 Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context p0561_00455 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. p0561 Title A name given to the resource Letter from Olaf M. Norlie, 1927 July 18 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Norlie, Olaf Morgan, 1876-1962 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource unidentified Description An account of the resource Olaf M. Norlie's letter. Language A language of the resource English Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1927 July 18 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright https://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/ This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s). Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Correspondence Text https://norwegianamericanhistory.org/digital-collections/files/original/0f1dfcbe3d1008dc8050d51196736d2b.jpg 42af91b08da12ec597536d554e13d3dd https://norwegianamericanhistory.org/digital-collections/files/original/d0e8f4149e6aad973e02714e594d6061.jpg 44a5df2725514c7ffa6d78101c77a1c8 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Olaf M. Norlie Papers (P0561) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context P0561 Description An account of the resource Select digitized materials from the Olaf M. Norlie papers (P0561) housed in the NAHA Archives. Olaf Norlie was an author, editor, educator, and clergyman. Funding to digitize was provided to the Norwegian-American Historical Association through the Minnesota Arts and Cultural Heritage Fund, a component of the Minnesota Clean Water, Land and Legacy constitutional amendment, ratified by Minnesota voters in 2008. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1925 Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context p0561_00453 p0561_00454 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. p0561 Title A name given to the resource Letter from Olaf M. Norlie to O.J. Kvale, 1927 July 14 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Norlie, Olaf Morgan, 1876-1962 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Kvale, Ole Juulson, 1869-1929 Description An account of the resource Olaf M. Norlie's letter to O.J. Kvale. Language A language of the resource English Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1927 July 14 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright https://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/ This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s). Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Correspondence Text https://norwegianamericanhistory.org/digital-collections/files/original/75ef12d83a3833e406616d1a264a55bd.jpg b501bec7a47059fe52ea969499c9a578 https://norwegianamericanhistory.org/digital-collections/files/original/5cd441d67afb3aef6ddfb6368dcda7df.jpg d03ee9afb16d2116b378c6f3d75f22a2 https://norwegianamericanhistory.org/digital-collections/files/original/c1615256ad30acf98d37cd8763a24880.jpg d841fcc0b92573909efac8ad8b84c6c0 https://norwegianamericanhistory.org/digital-collections/files/original/6e0cb0191eca2c66e6aa88362eed3d12.jpg d4fc6dd34a9ff6cc691868550219853d Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Olaf M. Norlie Papers (P0561) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context P0561 Description An account of the resource Select digitized materials from the Olaf M. Norlie papers (P0561) housed in the NAHA Archives. Olaf Norlie was an author, editor, educator, and clergyman. Funding to digitize was provided to the Norwegian-American Historical Association through the Minnesota Arts and Cultural Heritage Fund, a component of the Minnesota Clean Water, Land and Legacy constitutional amendment, ratified by Minnesota voters in 2008. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1925 Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context p0561_00449 p0561_00450 p0561_00451 p0561_00452 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. p0561 Title A name given to the resource Letter from G.B. Joergenson to Olaf M. Norlie, 1927 May 30 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Joergenson, Gustav B., 1883- Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Norlie, Olaf Morgan, 1876-1962 Description An account of the resource Gustav B. Joergenson's letter to Olaf M. Norlie. Language A language of the resource English Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1927 May 30 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright https://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/ This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s). Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Correspondence Text https://norwegianamericanhistory.org/digital-collections/files/original/cdcd3b6bd645872bbfb13f22e11138b6.jpg c8f072342a4f0de67813aec0748b9993 https://norwegianamericanhistory.org/digital-collections/files/original/614957545c9dcbcf148d9ea805e47c10.jpg 347543d334a964fd056937dc0eb5269a Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Olaf M. Norlie Papers (P0561) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context P0561 Description An account of the resource Select digitized materials from the Olaf M. Norlie papers (P0561) housed in the NAHA Archives. Olaf Norlie was an author, editor, educator, and clergyman. Funding to digitize was provided to the Norwegian-American Historical Association through the Minnesota Arts and Cultural Heritage Fund, a component of the Minnesota Clean Water, Land and Legacy constitutional amendment, ratified by Minnesota voters in 2008. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1925 Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context p0561_00447 p0561_00448 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. p0561 Title A name given to the resource Letter from Ellef Olsen to Olaf M. Norlie, 1927 April 21 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Olsen, Ellef Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Norlie, Olaf Morgan, 1876-1962 Description An account of the resource Ellef Olsen's letter to Olaf M. Norlie. Language A language of the resource English Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1927 April 21 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Copyright Undetermined http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/ The copyright and related rights status of this Item has been reviewed by the organization that has made the Item available, but the organization was unable to make a conclusive determination as to the copyright status of the Item. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Correspondence Text https://norwegianamericanhistory.org/digital-collections/files/original/f9dda72bbdbca63dcabc906ca8342947.jpg 909079af10a7940c96fef64aa99d0ec4 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Olaf M. Norlie Papers (P0561) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context P0561 Description An account of the resource Select digitized materials from the Olaf M. Norlie papers (P0561) housed in the NAHA Archives. Olaf Norlie was an author, editor, educator, and clergyman. Funding to digitize was provided to the Norwegian-American Historical Association through the Minnesota Arts and Cultural Heritage Fund, a component of the Minnesota Clean Water, Land and Legacy constitutional amendment, ratified by Minnesota voters in 2008. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1925 Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context p0561_00446 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. p0561 Title A name given to the resource Letter from Olaf M. Norlie to Knute Lokensgaard, 1927 April 12 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Norlie, Olaf Morgan, 1876-1962 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Lokensgaard, Knute Description An account of the resource Olaf M. Norlie's letter to Knute Lokensgaard. Language A language of the resource English Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1927 April 12 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright https://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/ This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s). Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Correspondence Text https://norwegianamericanhistory.org/digital-collections/files/original/aea6b61af38017f5bc4cbe52eb1360e8.jpg 589cfe11ab0530539f1f65e451ab0475 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Olaf M. Norlie Papers (P0561) Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context P0561 Description An account of the resource Select digitized materials from the Olaf M. Norlie papers (P0561) housed in the NAHA Archives. Olaf Norlie was an author, editor, educator, and clergyman. Funding to digitize was provided to the Norwegian-American Historical Association through the Minnesota Arts and Cultural Heritage Fund, a component of the Minnesota Clean Water, Land and Legacy constitutional amendment, ratified by Minnesota voters in 2008. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1925 Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context p0561_00445 Is Part Of A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included. p0561 Title A name given to the resource Letter from Olaf M. Norlie to O.J. Kvale, 1927 March 14 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Norlie, Olaf Morgan, 1876-1962 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Kvale, Ole Juulson, 1869-1929 Description An account of the resource Olaf M. Norlie's letter to O.J. Kvale. Language A language of the resource English Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1927 March 14 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource In Copyright https://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/ This Item is protected by copyright and/or related rights. You are free to use this Item in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s). Type The nature or genre of the resource Text Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Correspondence Text